The mice fed the lard-based diet derived 60 per cent of their total calories
from fat. They were compared with mice fed a low-fat diet, where no more than
ten per cent of their calories came from fat. As expected, the mice on the
high-fat diet got fatter. A more surprising result was that their immune system
was less active. The white blood cells got worse at dealing with bacteria in the
blood, which could have contributed to many dying of sepsis.
"Obesity is usually associated with inflammation that does not result from an
infection, which simply means that the immune defences are activated
unnecessarily," says doctoral student Louise Strandberg who wrote the thesis.
"Ironically, the mice on the high-fat diet seem to have a less active immune
system when they really need it."
Fat people are also at a greater risk of acquiring infection, for example in
connection with an operation. In mice, the thesis shows that it is fatty food
rather than obesity in itself which affects the ability to fight off sepsis
caused by bacteria.
Strandberg has also investigated different variants of three genes that are
important for the immune system and noted that several of the gene variants that
strengthen immunity also result in less obesity.
"So there are all kinds of links between the immune system on the one hand
and obesity and diet on the other," says Strandberg.
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